Effect Of Hydraulic On Hydro Power Stations - 1089 Words

Abstract Water hammer or hydraulic transient is an unsteady flow phenomenon which is commonly found in closed conduits of hydropower station, water transmission networks, and liquid pipeline systems. Acute transients events in a hydraulic system often result from accidents and mishaps. Significant disturbances may occur in a hydro power station and causes a rapid change in the flow rate of the system during some operational conditions such as load rejection, load acceptances, and instant load rejection. This would, in turn, generates fluid transients in the hydraulic conveyance system, namely the penstocks, resulting in unacceptably low or high pressures in the penstocks depending on the triggering mechanism of the transients. Eventually, if not protected properly, the penstock may burst or collapse and human loss in some cases. The present paper reviews the available literature summarizing the effect of hydraulic transients on hydro power stations. Also an attempt has been made to analyze th e effect of diameter, materials of the penstock on water hammer. The reviewed literature has shown that with the increase in diameter the effect of water hammer would reduce to as extent. It was also observed that with the change in material used in the fabrication of the penstock, the effect of water hammer change remarkably. Keywords: water hammer, transient flow, penstock, materials, closed conduit, diameter 1 Introduction Hydro power becomes increasingly famous as anShow MoreRelatedAlternative Energy Sources1852 Words   |  7 Pagesare wind, solar, hydro and nuclear. But there is currently another source of energy that is heavily debated to see whether the pros outweigh the cons. This energy source is natural gas. The main reason for the heavy debate of natural gas is not because of the energy source, but rather the mining process of the energy source through the process of hydraulic fracturing. In this report the following topics will be discussed to get a better understanding of natural gas and the hydraulic fracturing processRead MoreLiterature Review : The Small Hydropower ( Shp )2208 Words   |  9 Pages CHAPTER 1 LITERATURE REVIEW 1.1 SMALL HYDROPOWER (SHP) AAAAAAA 1. Powers et al (1985) did an assessment study on the fishway development and design. Method of water control and the degree and type of water control were formed the basis to classify fish passes. Swimming speed of the fishes was related to their lengths for designing the fish passes. Energy required by the fishes upstream was determinedRead MoreIs Sayano Shushenskaya a Power Station Plant2234 Words   |  9 PagesRusHydro is established as part of Russia’s privatization movement in December 2004, even though the Russian government owns most of its shares (about 60%). RusHydro still possess 55 hydro plants, is the leading power company in Russia by installed capacity estimated (25.4 GW) and the second-largest hydroelectric power company in the world. The energy generated by SSH, about 23.5 TWh annually, was about one-quarter of that produced by RusHydro’s resources for the Unified Energy Systems of Russia andRead MoreReducing Global Warming Essay1522 Words   |  7 Pagesspace, it is retained long enough to warm the atmosphere. This is the greenhouse effect, and the gases causing it are greenhouse gases. Without global warming, the earth’s average temperature would be much lower; resulting in a drop of 33 degrees from its current 15 degrees to -18 degrees, an ice planet. However, excessive amounts of greenhouse gases could increase the greenhouse effect, causing an up rise in global temperatures as well as changes in precipitation Read MoreChesapeake Energy Is The Second Largest Producer Of Natural Gas2324 Words   |  10 Pagesmaintenance process of horizontal drilling and vertical hydraulic drilling. High capital costs, knowledge, equipment are needed to get in the industry. Price also affects the barriers of entry because the industry showed high barriers of entry in late 90’s when competitors were discouraged to extract natural gas due to price fluctuations. Buying power is neither high nor low for a company like Chesapeake. In the industry there is no significant buy power between competition but strategies to implementRead MoreWindmill1781 Words   |  8 PagesTable of contents Executive summary 2 Problem 2 Purpose 2 Scope 2 Introduction 3 Advantages of wind power 4 Environmental effects 5 Emissions 5 Ecological footprint 5 Conclusion 7 Recommendation 7 Executive summary The report provides an analysis of the nonmarket issues of the wind power market and provides information relating to wind power projects in Canada. The report aims to help communities balance local concerns with wider environmental needs, thereby allowing the benefits ofRead MoreEssay about The Problems with Fracking 2005 Words   |  9 Pages As the water flows out of the sink, one can strike a match and light the liquid on fire. Showering in these chemicals is out of the question. Fresh water has become a comfort, rather than a given. Could planet Earth survive this existence? If hydraulic fracturing, otherwise known as fracking, were deemed legal, this question may be put to the test. Fracking is a process in which chemicals, sand and water are used in â€Å"high volumes†¦ to fracture gas-bearing layers of rock† (Dolesh 2). As the rockRead MoreEssay Hydro-Politics Along the Jordan River5715 Words   |  23 PagesHydro-Politics Along the Jordan River One of the most important yet under-appreciated conflicts in the Middle East is over water resources along the Jordan River. As population and demand for water in the riparian states of Israel, Jordan, Palestine, and Syria have sky-rocketed, water scarcity in the desert region has reached crisis proportions. In response, leaders on all sides have entered into a dialogue, known as hydro-politics, that has been characterized by an unyielding attitude ofRead MoreWave And Tidal Energy : A New Viable Potential Form Of Alternative Energy2213 Words   |  9 Pagestype uses the rise and fall of the ocean swells that generate electricity through floats, buoys, or pitching devices to drive hydraulic pumps. The second type uses the rise and fall of water that is within a cylindrical shaft to generate electricity through an air driven turbine. These are also known as oscillating water column devices. The third type of device generates power using hydropower turbines when the device concentrates waves and drives them into an elevated reservoir. There are also severalRead MoreHydraulic Fracking Essay15746 Words   |  63 PagesHydraulic Fracturing (â€Å"Fracking†) LAS 432 – Technology, Society, and Culture Team B Michael Griffin Mark Hartwick Alena Hutson Kansas Gentry Kevin Gracia Professor Douglas McCoy 8/24/12 Contents Thesis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Page 3 Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Page 3 Hydraulic Fracturing Description†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Page 4 History of Fracking.....................†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..Page 5 Cultural Context†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Page